Streaming instability in protoplanetary disks
In a laminar disk, dust pebbles settle to the disk midplane until the local dust density becomes similar to the gas density. At this stage the streaming instability sets in and produces turbulent motions (Flock et al. 2021).
Dust pebbles in protoplanetary disks
The movie shows the particle dynamics in the outer regions of magnetized protoplanetary disks. 3 selected particle sizes are shown. The large particles quickly radially drift while concentrating at the dead-zone outer edge. The smaller particles are mixed vertically in the turbulent regions outside 40 AU.
For more information please refer to Flock et al. 2015 and Ruge et al. 2016
